A major development challenge is providing a strong rationale and academic argument for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship across the whole institution, across all subjects and for all levels of study. These are however the prerequisites for having an institution-wide entrepreneurial agenda. Institutions with fewer barriers and hierarchies will find it easier to promote entrepreneurship and to maximise autonomy and individual ownership of different initiatives. They can speed up decision-making and enhance idea creation and implementation within the organisation. New structures to try out and mainstream novel activities can be formed more easily. The challenge is to overcome bureaucratic barriers and hierarchies as well as obstacles related to timetabling, workload management and financial issues, whilst ensuring that activities are all steered towards a common entrepreneurial vision.

Ensuring ownership, allocating responsibility, and providing support through the development of incentive and reward structures should be seen as suitable ways to provide support to all stakeholders within the higher education institution, and they would help facilitate the achievement of entrepreneurial and innovative outcomes for the whole institution.